Hybrid Office Space Planning Tool for Facilities Managers: Optimizing Desk Use in 2026

// Node.js MQTT client for desk sensor data
const mqtt = require('mqtt');
const client = mqtt.connect('mqtt://office-sensors.local');

const FLOOR = 'floor-3';
const ZONE = 'engineering';

client.on('connect', () => {
  console.log('Connected to MQTT broker');
  client.subscribe(`office/desks/${FLOOR}/${ZONE}/#`);
});

client.on('message', (topic, message) => {
  const [, , floor, zone, deskId] = topic.split('/');
  const payload = JSON.parse(message.toString());

  const deskEvent = {
    floor,
    zone,
    deskId,
    occupied: payload.status === 'occupied',
    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
    sensorType: payload.sensor
  };

  // Store in time-series database
  influxClient.writePoint({
    measurement: 'desk_occupancy',
    tags: {
      floor: deskEvent.floor,
      zone: deskEvent.zone,
      deskId: deskEvent.deskId
    },
    fields: {
      occupied: deskEvent.occupied ? 1 : 0
    },
    timestamp: deskEvent.timestamp
  });

  // Update Redis cache for real-time queries
  redisClient.hSet(
    `desk:${floor}:${zone}:${deskId}`,
    'status',
    deskEvent.occupied ? 'occupied' : 'available'
  );
});

// Express.js API for desk utilization data
const express = require('express');
const app = express();

// Get current desk status for a floor
app.get('/api/floors/:floorId/desks', async (req, res) => {
  const { floorId } = req.params;
  const { zone } = req.query;

  const filter = { floor: floorId };
  if (zone) filter.zone = zone;

  const desks = await redisClient.hGetAll(`floor:${floorId}:desks`);
  const deskList = Object.entries(desks).map(([deskId, status]) => ({
    deskId,
    status,
    floor: floorId
  }));

  res.json({ floor: floorId, desks: deskList });
});

// Get utilization metrics for a time range
app.get('/api/analytics/utilization', async (req, res) => {
  const { floorId, startDate, endDate, interval = 'hour' } = req.query;

  const query = `
    SELECT mean(occupied) as utilization
    FROM desk_occupancy
    WHERE floor = $1 AND time >= $2 AND time <= $3
    GROUP BY time(${interval}), deskId
  `;

  const results = await influxClient.query(query, [floorId, startDate, endDate]);

  const utilizationByHour = results.reduce((acc, row) => {
    const hour = new Date(row.time).getHours();
    acc[hour] = (acc[hour] || 0) + row.utilization;
    return acc;
  }, {});

  res.json({ floorId, period: { start: startDate, end: endDate }, utilization: utilizationByHour });
});

app.listen(3000, () => console.log('Desk API running on port 3000'));

// JavaScript heatmap data preparation for visualization
function generateHeatmapData(occupancyRecords, floorPlan) {
  const gridSize = 20; // pixels per grid cell
  const heatmapData = [];

  // Group occupancy by hour and grid position
  const hourBuckets = {};

  occupancyRecords.forEach(record => {
    const hour = new Date(record.timestamp).getHours();
    const gridX = Math.floor(record.x_position / gridSize);
    const gridY = Math.floor(record.y_position / gridSize);

    if (!hourBuckets[hour]) hourBuckets[hour] = {};
    const key = `${gridX},${gridY}`;

    hourBuckets[hour][key] = (hourBuckets[hour][key] || 0) + (record.occupied ? 1 : 0);
  });

  // Normalize and prepare for rendering
  Object.keys(hourBuckets).forEach(hour => {
    const gridData = hourBuckets[hour];
    const maxCount = Math.max(...Object.values(gridData));

    Object.entries(gridData).forEach(([key, count]) => {
      const [x, y] = key.split(',').map(Number);
      heatmapData.push({
        x, y,
        hour: parseInt(hour),
        intensity: count / maxCount // normalized 0-1
      });
    });
  });

  return heatmapData;
}

// Export utilization data in COBie format for BIM integration
function exportToCOBie(utilizationData, floorInfo) {
  const cobieExport = {
    Zone: {
      ZoneName: floorInfo.name,
      ZoneCategory: 'Floor',
      ZoneType: 'Office',
      Description: `Floor ${floorInfo.id} - ${floorInfo.zone}`
    },
    Space: utilizationData.desks.map(desk => ({
      SpaceName: desk.deskId,
      SpaceType: 'Desk',
      ZoneName: floorInfo.name,
      Description: `Desk ${desk.deskId} in ${floorInfo.zone}`,
      NominalFloorArea: floorInfo.deskAreaSqFt
    }))
  };

  return cobieExport;
}

// Generate CSV report for Excel analysis
function generateUtilizationReport(utilizationMetrics) {
  const headers = ['Floor', 'Zone', 'Total Desks', 'Peak Utilization', 'Avg Utilization %', 'Efficiency Score', 'Recommendation'];
  const rows = utilizationMetrics.map(m => [
    m.floorId, m.zone, m.totalDesks, m.peakUtilization,
    m.averageUtilization, m.efficiencyScore, m.recommendation
  ]);

  return [headers, ...rows].map(row => row.join(',')).join('\n');
}